GB/T19001-2016理解组织及其环境

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Organizations should recognize that their internal and external environments are constantly changing, and they should have the corresponding capabilities to adjust their management systems to adapt to such changes. Environmental changes are one of the important factors that cause organizational change.
For example, with the rise and development of various new economies, the marketing environment of enterprises is undergoing significant changes.

Therefore, correctly grasping the changes in the marketing environment of enterprises and their impact on marketing strategies is of great significance for enterprises to continuously expand their markets and improve economic efficiency

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广义地讲，组织外部存在的一切都是组织的环境。

当然，环境中的不同因素对组织管理活动内容的选择及其管理方式的影响程度也是不同的。


而不确定性是组织外部经营环境的主要特点，这个特点使企业决策者很难掌握足够的关于环境因素的信息，从而预测外部环境的变化并据此采取相应措施。


因此，外部环境的不确定性特点提高了组织对外部环境做出响应的风险

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Broadly speaking, everything that exists outside an organization is its environment.
Of course, different factors in the environment also have varying degrees of impact on the selection of organizational management activities and their management methods.

Uncertainty is the main characteristic of the external business environment of an organization, which makes it difficult for enterprise decision-makers to grasp sufficient information about environmental factors to predict changes in the external environment and take corresponding measures accordingly.

Therefore, the uncertainty characteristics of the external environment increase the risk of organizations responding to the external environment

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政治环境政治环境的变化影响着一个国家的社会制度、政府的执政方针和策略，以及国家制定的有关法律法规，进而影响经济形势；

组织必须明确其所在国家和政府目前禁止哪些事情、允许哪些事情以及鼓励哪些事情，从而使组织的活动符合全社会利益并受到市场经济规律的保护

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The changes in the political environment affect a country's social system, government governance policies and strategies, as well as the relevant laws and regulations formulated by the country, thereby affecting the economic situation;
Organizations must clarify what is currently prohibited, allowed, and encouraged by their country and government, so that their activities are in line with the interests of the whole society and protected by the laws of the market economy

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经济环境组织所面临的宏观经济环境是指在国家和地区的水平上给组织造成市场机会或环境威胁的社会力量。组织所面临的微观经济环境主要包括：所在地区消费者水平、消费偏好、就业程度等，微观经济环境因素会直接决定企业目前及未来的市场规模。经济环境与管理的关系是最为直接的，对管理的影响也是最大的。如：国家提出了优化产业结构、转变经济增长方式等，这将对企业生产经营活动产生影响，并指导着企业确定自己的经营战略、经营方针和目标

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The macroeconomic environment faced by economic Environmental organization refers to the social forces that create market opportunities or environmental threats to organizations at the national and regional level.

The microeconomic environment faced by an organization mainly includes: the level of consumers in the region, consumption preferences, employment level, etc.

The microeconomic environment factors directly determine the current and future market size of the enterprise.

The relationship between economic environment and management is the most direct and has the greatest impact on management.

For example, the country has proposed optimizing industrial structure and transforming economic growth mode, which will have an impact on the production and operation activities of enterprises and guide them to determine their own business strategies, policies, and goals

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技术环境社会科技的进步会促进组织的经济活动中物质条件的改善和技术水平的提高，从而使组织通过利用这些物质条件取得更高的效率。

技术的进步、产品的更新，都将对组织现有的生产设施和工艺方法的更新带来机遇，同时对生产作业人员的操作技能和知识的提升带来挑战

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The progress of technology, environment, society, and technology will promote the improvement of material conditions and technological level in organizational economic activities, thereby enabling organizations to achieve higher efficiency by utilizing these material conditions.
Technological progress and product updates will bring opportunities to the organization's existing production facilities and process methods, as well as challenges to the improvement of operational skills and knowledge of production personnel

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组织使命：组织使命是指该组织（作为一个子系统）在社会（大系统）中所处的地位和所起的作用、承担的义务以及扮演的角色。

使命体现组织的根本目的，它既反映了外界社会对本组织的要求，又体现着组织的高层领导人的追求和抱负