MSA（测量系统分析） (Measurement System Analysis)

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MSA（Measurement System Analysis，测量系统分析） 是质量管理中的一项核心工具，主要用于评估测量过程的准确性、稳定性和可靠性，确保所收集的数据真实反映被测对象的真实状态。
如果测量系统本身存在较大误差，那么基于这些数据做出的质量判断（如合格/不合格、过程是否受控）就可能失真，导致错误决策。



MSA (Measurement System Analysis) is a core tool in quality management, mainly used to evaluate the accuracy, stability, and reliability of the measurement process, ensuring that the collected data truly reflects the true state of the measured object.If the measurement system itself has significant errors, the quality judgments made based on these data (such as qualified/unqualified, whether the process is controlled) may be distorted, leading to erroneous decisions.

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MSA 是 IATF 16949（汽车行业）、ISO 9001、ISO 13485（医疗器械）等质量管理体系中的关键要求，也是 APQP（先期产品质量策划）五大工具之一.

MSA is a key requirement in quality management systems such as IATF 16949 (automotive industry), ISO 9001, ISO 13485 (medical devices), and is also one of the five tools of APQP (Advanced Product Quality Planning)

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什么是测量系统？

测量系统 不仅仅是“测量仪器”，而是整个影响测量结果的系统，包括：

组成部分示例
人员（操作员）不同人读数或操作方式不同
设备（量具）卡尺、千分尺、电子秤、检测仪等
方法（流程）测量步骤、夹持方式、环境条件
被测对象（零件）零件本身的差异（如形状、表面粗糙度）
环境温度、湿度、振动、照明

✅ 测量系统 = 人 + 机 + 料 + 法 + 环

What is a measurement system?
The measurement system is not just a "measuring instrument", but the entire system that affects the measurement results, including:

Example of Components
Different personnel (operators) have different readings or operating methods
Equipment (measuring tools) such as calipers, micrometers, electronic scales, detectors, etc
Method (process) measurement steps, clamping method, environmental conditions
Differences in the measured object (part) itself (such as shape, surface roughness)
Environmental temperature, humidity, vibration, lighting
✅  Measurement system=human+machine+material+method+environment

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为什么要进行 MSA？

• 避免因“测量误差”误判零件好坏（将好件判废，或将坏件放行）
• 确保 SPC、FMEA、PPAP 等质量工具所用数据的可信度
• 提高过程控制和产品检验的有效性
• 满足客户审核（如汽车主机厂）和认证要求.
  

Why do we need MSA?
To avoid misjudging the quality of parts due to measurement errors (such as discarding good parts or releasing defective parts)
Ensure the credibility of data used in quality tools such as SPC, FMEA, PPAP, etc
Improve the effectiveness of process control and product inspection
Meet customer audit (such as automotive OEMs) and certification requirements