供货协议 supply agreement

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供货协议（又称“采购合同”、“供应合同”或“买卖合同”）是买方（采购方）与卖方（供应商）之间就产品或服务的供应所签订的具有法律约束力的书面协议。


它明确了双方在交易过程中的权利、义务、责任和操作流程，是保障供应链稳定、防范商业风险的核心法律文件。



A supply agreement (also known as a "purchase contract", "supply contract" or "sales contract") is a legally binding written agreement signed between the buyer (purchaser) and the seller (supplier) for the supply of products or services.It clarifies the rights, obligations, responsibilities, and operational procedures of both parties in the transaction process, and is the core legal document for ensuring supply chain stability and preventing commercial risks.

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供货协议的核心目的

• 明确交易条款：确保双方对产品、价格、数量、交付等关键要素达成一致。
• 降低交易风险：预防和减少因误解、违约、质量纠纷等引发的损失。
• 规范操作流程：为订单、交付、验收、付款等环节提供标准依据。
• 保障双方权益：在发生争议时，作为法律证据依据。
• 建立长期合作关系：为战略合作、持续改进提供框架。
  

The core purpose of the supply agreement
Clear transaction terms: Ensure that both parties agree on key elements such as products, prices, quantities, and delivery.
Reduce transaction risks: prevent and minimize losses caused by misunderstandings, breaches, quality disputes, etc.
Standardize operating procedures: provide standard basis for order, delivery, acceptance, payment and other processes.
Protect the rights and interests of both parties: in case of disputes, serve as legal evidence basis.
Establishing long-term cooperative relationships: providing a framework for strategic cooperation and continuous improvement.

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供货协议的主要内容（核心条款）

一份完整的供货协议通常包含以下关键部分：

1. 合同双方信息

• 买方与卖方的全称、注册地址、联系方式、法定代表人。
• 统一社会信用代码（营业执照号）。
  

2. 产品/服务描述

• 产品名称、规格型号、技术参数（可附技术协议或图纸）。
• 质量标准：明确执行的国家标准（GB）、行业标准、企业标准或双方约定的技术要求。
• 包装要求：包装方式、标识、运输标签、环保要求等。
  

3. 价格与支付条款

• 单价与总价：是否含税（增值税）、含运费。
• 价格有效期：如“本价格有效期至2025年12月31日”。
• 付款方式：电汇（T/T）、信用证（L/C）、承兑汇票等。
• 付款周期：如“月结60天”、“货到验收合格后30天内付款”。
• 发票要求：发票类型（专票/普票）、开具时间。
  

4. 订单与交付

• 订单形式：通过邮件、系统（ERP）、书面订单等方式下达。
• 交货期：明确交货时间、分批交货安排。
• 交货地点：FOB、CIF、DDP等贸易术语，明确风险转移点。
• 运输与物流：由哪方负责运输、选择承运商、运费承担。
  

5. 验收与质量保证

• 验收标准：依据合同第2条的质量标准。
• 验收流程：来料检验（IQC）、抽样方案（如AQL）、不合格品处理流程。
• 质量保证期（质保期）：如“产品交付后12个月内”。
• 质量责任：质保期内出现质量问题，供应商应承担维修、更换、退货、赔偿等责任。
  

6. 知识产权与保密条款

• 知识产权归属：定制产品、技术图纸、软件的知识产权归属。
• 保密义务：双方对商业信息、技术资料、价格等保密，期限通常为合同终止后3-5年。
  

7. 违约责任

• 延迟交货：每延迟一天，按合同金额的一定比例（如0.1%-0.5%）支付违约金。
• 质量问题：导致买方停线、客户投诉、召回等，供应商需赔偿直接和间接损失。
• 延迟付款：买方延迟付款也应承担相应违约金。
  

8. 不可抗力

• 定义不可抗力事件（如自然灾害、战争、疫情、政府行为）。
• 发生不可抗力时，受影响方应及时通知，并可免除部分或全部责任。
  

9. 合同期限与终止

• 合同有效期：如“自签订之日起一年有效”，可约定自动续约。
• 终止条件：如严重违约、破产、连续多次交货不合格等。
• 终止后的处理：库存处理、技术资料归还等。
  

10. 争议解决

• 协商解决：优先通过友好协商。
• 仲裁或诉讼：约定仲裁机构（如中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会）或管辖法院。
  

11. 其他条款

• 合同变更：任何修改需双方书面确认。
• 通知方式：邮件、快递等有效联系方式。
• 完整协议：本合同构成双方之间的完整协议，取代之前所有口头或书面讨论。
• 法律适用：通常为中国法律。
  

Main content of the supply agreement (core terms)
A complete supply agreement typically includes the following key parts:

1. Information of both parties to the contract
The full names, registered addresses, contact information, and legal representatives of the buyer and seller.
Unified Social Credit Code (Business License Number).
2. Product/Service Description
Product name, specifications, and technical parameters (can be accompanied by technical agreements or drawings).
Quality standards: Clear implementation of national standards (GB), industry standards, enterprise standards, or technical requirements agreed upon by both parties.
Packaging requirements: packaging method, labeling, transportation labels, environmental requirements, etc.
3. Price and Payment Terms
Unit price and total price: Does it include tax (value-added tax) and shipping cost.
Price validity period: such as "This price is valid until December 31, 2025".
Payment methods: telegraphic transfer (T/T), letter of credit (L/C), acceptance draft, etc.
Payment cycle: such as "monthly payment within 60 days" and "payment within 30 days after the goods arrive and pass the acceptance inspection".
Invoice requirements: Invoice type (special invoice/general invoice), issuance time.
4. Orders and Delivery
Order form: Issued through email, system (ERP), written orders, etc.
Delivery time: Clearly define the delivery time and arrange for partial delivery.
Delivery location: FOB, CIF, DDP and other trade terms, with clear risk transfer points.
Transportation and Logistics: Which party is responsible for transportation, selecting carriers, and bearing freight costs.
5. Acceptance and Quality Assurance
Acceptance criteria: According to the quality standards in Article 2 of the contract.
Acceptance process: incoming inspection (IQC), sampling plan (such as AQL), and non-conforming product handling process.
Quality assurance period (warranty period): such as "within 12 months after product delivery".
Quality responsibility: In case of quality problems during the warranty period, the supplier shall bear the responsibility for repair, replacement, return, compensation, etc.
6. Intellectual Property and Confidentiality Terms
Intellectual property ownership: Intellectual property ownership of customized products, technical drawings, and software.
Confidentiality obligation: Both parties shall keep confidential commercial information, technical data, prices, etc., usually for a period of 3-5 years after the termination of the contract.
7. Liability for breach of contract
Delayed delivery: For each day of delay, a penalty of a certain percentage (such as 0.1% -0.5%) of the contract amount shall be paid.
Quality issues: causing the buyer to stop production, customer complaints, recalls, etc., the supplier shall compensate for direct and indirect losses.
Delayed payment: The buyer shall also bear corresponding liquidated damages for delayed payment.
8. Force Majeure
Define force majeure events (such as natural disasters, wars, epidemics, government actions).
In the event of force majeure, the affected party shall promptly notify and may be exempted from partial or full liability.
9. Contract Term and Termination
Contract validity period: If it is valid for one year from the date of signing, automatic renewal can be agreed upon.
Termination conditions: such as serious breach of contract, bankruptcy, consecutive non compliant deliveries, etc.
Post termination processing: inventory handling, return of technical data, etc.
10. Dispute Resolution
Negotiation resolution: Priority should be given to friendly negotiation.
11. Other terms
Contract changes: Any modifications require written confirmation from both parties.
Legal application: usually Chinese law.