国际发货管理 International Shipping Management

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国际发货”是指将商品从一个国家/地区运送到另一个国家/地区的物流过程。它涉及复杂的环节，包括出口清关、国际运输、进口清关、目的地配送等，是跨境电商、外贸企业和全球供应链的核心环节

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International shipping "refers to the logistics process of transporting goods from one country/region to another.
It involves complex links, including export customs clearance, international transportation, import customs clearance, destination distribution, etc., and is the core link of cross-border e-commerce, foreign trade enterprises, and global supply chains

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订单处理与准备

• 确认订单信息（收货人、地址、联系方式）。
• 打包商品：使用坚固包装，防止运输损坏；贴好商业发票（Commercial Invoice）、运单、标签。
• 准备报关文件（见下文
  

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Order processing and preparation
Confirm order information (recipient, address, contact information).
Packaged goods: Use sturdy packaging to prevent transportation damage; Attach the commercial invoice, waybill, and label.
Prepare customs declaration documents

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国际发货必备文件

• 商业发票（Commercial Invoice）

  • 最重要文件，用于海关估价和征税。
  • 包含：买卖双方信息、商品描述、数量、单价、总价、币种、贸易术语（如DDP、FOB）。
    

• 装箱单（Packing List）

  • 详细列出每个包裹内的物品、重量、尺寸、箱号。
  • 便于清关和收货核对。
    

• 提单（Bill of Lading, B/L）或空运单（Air Waybill, AWB）

  • 运输合同和货物收据。
  • 海运提单是物权凭证，可转让。
    

• 原产地证（Certificate of Origin）

  • 证明货物生产地，影响关税税率（如享受自贸协定优惠需提供）。
    

• 其他可能需要的文件

  • 许可证/批文：如食品、药品、化妆品、动植物产品。
  • 检验证书：如SGS报告。
  • 危险品申报单：如锂电池、液体。
    
  
  

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Essential documents for international shipping
Commercial Invoice
The most important document used for customs valuation and taxation.
Includes: buyer and seller information, product description, quantity, unit price, total price, currency, trade terms (such as DDP, FOB).
Packing List
List in detail the items, weight, size, and box number inside each package.
Easy to clear customs and verify receipt.
Bill of Lading (B/L) or Air Waybill (AWB)
Transportation contract and goods receipt.
The ocean bill of lading is a property right certificate and is transferable.
Certificate of Origin
Prove the place of production of the goods, which affects the tariff rate (if enjoying free trade agreement benefits, it needs to be provided).
Other documents that may be required
Licenses/approvals: such as food, drugs, cosmetics, animal and plant products.
Inspection certificate: such as SGS report.
Dangerous goods declaration form: such as lithium batteries and liquids.

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术语

卖方责任终点

买方责任起点

风险转移点

EXW (工厂交货)

卖方工厂

买方提货起

工厂

FCA (货交承运人)

指定地点交承运人

承运人接收后

交承运人

FOB (离岸价)

装运港上船

货物上船后

装运港船上

CIF (到岸价)

支付至目的港运费+保险

货物上船后

装运港船上

DAP (目的地交货)

指定目的地（未卸货）

卸货起

目的地

DPU (目的地卸货)

指定目的地并卸货

卸货后

卸货完成

DDP (完税后交货)

送货上门，包清关包税

签收后

签收前

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The term seller's liability endpoint buyer's liability starting point risk transfer point
EXW (Ex Works Delivery) Seller's factory Buyer's pickup from factory
FCA (Free Carrier) designates the place for delivery to the carrier, and upon receipt, the carrier delivers to the carrier
FOB (Free On Board) loading port: After the goods are loaded onto the ship, they are loaded onto the ship at the loading port
CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight) payment to the destination port, including freight and insurance. After the goods are loaded onto the ship, they will be loaded onto the ship at the port of destination
DAP (Delivery at Destination) specifies the destination (not unloaded) and the destination from unloading
DPU (Destination Unloading) specifies the destination and completes unloading after unloading
DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) with door-to-door delivery, including customs clearance and taxes, signed for and received before delivery

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